Digital Natives and Myopia

Digital natives , a concept introduced by Marc Prensky in 2001, are those people born after 2000 who have grown up in a fully digital environment. For this generation, devices such as mobile phones, computers and tablets are an integral part of their daily lives. This constant exposure to new technologies has transformed their visual habits, with a predominant use of close-up vision for extended hours, in contrast to previous generations.

This change in visual patterns has had a direct impact on the increase in myopia , especially among young people. Recent studies indicate that up to 60% of university students in Catalonia are already myopic, and this trend is increasing. Factors such as excessive exposure to screens, decreased outdoor activities and a sedentary lifestyle have been identified as the main causes of this phenomenon.

Lack of exposure to natural light is a key factor in the development of myopia. Sunlight stimulates the production of dopamine in the retina, a neurotransmitter that prevents excessive elongation of the eyeball, one of the main causes of myopia. However, according to recent data, many children and adolescents spend less than an hour a day outdoors, a habit that exacerbates this problem.

Optometrists play a fundamental role in the prevention and management of myopia. This includes early detection, education on healthy habits and, when necessary, the use of therapeutic strategies to slow its progression, such as special ophthalmic lenses or contact lens treatments such as orthokeratology or myopia control lenses.

Incorporating healthy routines is essential to protect the vision of digital natives. Some recommendations include:

• Spend at least two hours a day outdoors.
• Limit screen time according to age and ensure regular visual breaks.
• Ensure adequate lighting while studying or working with electronic devices.

The visual health of digital natives depends not only on the correct management of digital devices, but also on a balance between technology and healthy habits. Working to promote good visual hygiene not only prevents myopia, but also ensures optimal visual development for this generation.